game design course

 Lesson 2: Game Mechanics

Core Mechanics vs. Secondary Mechanics

Core Mechanics
Core mechanics are the fundamental rules and systems that define how the game operates. They are essential to the gameplay experience and usually remain consistent throughout the game.

Example: In chess, the core mechanics include the movement rules for each piece, the objective of capturing the opponent’s king (checkmate), and the turn-based structure of the game.

Secondary Mechanics
Secondary mechanics are additional features that enhance the gameplay experience but are not essential to the game's primary function. They add depth, variety, and complexity to the core mechanics.

Example: In a role-playing game (RPG) like "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim," core mechanics include character movement, combat, and quest completion. Secondary mechanics might include crafting, cooking, and housing, which provide more activities and strategies but are not necessary to complete the main storyline.

Practical Exercise:
Design a simple game using only core mechanics. Once the basic game is functioning, add at least three secondary mechanics that enhance the gameplay experience.

Game Rules and Objectives

Game Rules
Game rules are the guidelines that dictate how the game is played. They ensure that all players understand what is allowed, what is not, and how different game elements interact.

Example: In Monopoly, the rules cover how players move around the board, how properties are bought and sold, and how money is managed.

Objectives
Objectives provide players with goals to strive for, creating a sense of purpose and direction in the game. Clear objectives are crucial for player motivation and engagement.

Example: In "Super Mario Bros.," the primary objective is to rescue Princess Peach by reaching the end of each level and defeating Bowser. Secondary objectives might include collecting coins and power-ups.

Practical Exercise:
Create a list of rules and objectives for a new game idea. Make sure the objectives are clear and achievable, and the rules are comprehensive enough to cover various scenarios players might encounter.

Player Actions and Interactions

Player Actions
Player actions are the moves or decisions a player can make within the game. They can range from simple actions like moving a character to complex decisions like forming alliances.

Example: In "Minecraft," player actions include mining resources, crafting items, building structures, and fighting enemies.

Interactions
Interactions describe how players engage with each other and the game environment. These interactions can be competitive, cooperative, or a mix of both.

Example: In "Among Us," player interactions involve discussing and voting on who they believe is the impostor, as well as completing tasks around the spaceship.

Practical Exercise:
Design a list of possible player actions for a multiplayer game. Include how these actions will affect other players and the game environment.

Balancing Game Mechanics

Balancing game mechanics involves ensuring that no single strategy, action, or element is overwhelmingly dominant, which can lead to an unfair or uninteresting game experience.

Example: In "League of Legends," balance is achieved by regularly adjusting the abilities of different champions to ensure that no single character becomes too powerful compared to others.

Balancing Tips:

1. Playtesting: Regularly test the game with different player groups to identify and fix imbalances.

2. Feedback: Gather feedback from players to understand their experiences and perceptions of balance.

3. Iteration: Be prepared to iterate on game mechanics, making small adjustments to find the right balance.

Practical Exercise:
Create a simple game prototype and conduct playtesting sessions with a group of players. Collect feedback on balance and make necessary adjustments to improve the game.

Conclusion

Understanding game mechanics is crucial for designing engaging and enjoyable games. By distinguishing between core and secondary mechanics, defining clear rules and objectives, designing meaningful player actions and interactions, and continuously balancing the game, you can create a game that is both challenging and fun for players.